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iSCSI, which stands for Internet Small Computer Systems Interface, is a protocol that allows for the transmission of SCSI commands over a TCP/IP network. Security is an important aspect of iSCSI, and it supports several methods of authentication to ensure that only authorized users can access the storage resources.

The correct answer, CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol), is specifically designed to provide a more secure way to authenticate clients. CHAP works by using a challenge-response mechanism to prevent replay attacks. Initially, the iSCSI initiator sends a request to the target, which then responds with a challenge that the initiator must answer with a shared secret. This ensures that credentials are not sent over the network in plain text, enhancing security during the authentication process.

In the context of iSCSI, CHAP is favored because it can provide a relatively straightforward and effective means of authentication without necessitating the overhead or complexity that other methods might introduce. This makes it well-suited for environments where performance and simplicity are desired.

Other methods mentioned, while known in different contexts, are not relevant for iSCSI authentication. For instance, Kerberos is a ticket-based authentication protocol commonly used in Windows environments but is not typically used with iSCSI.